Asociación entre enfermedad periodontal y parto pretérmino en un grupo de mujeres puérperas del norte de México / Association between periodontal disease and preterm birth in a group of puerperal women from northern of Mexico

Introducción: La enfermedad periodontal puede ser causa de lesiones sistémicas. Se conoce la prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal en mayores de 35 años y el aumento de los factores de riesgo en mujeres embarazadas, pero no se sabe si estos factores se potencializan en mujeres embarazadas menores de 35 años. En México son muy prevalentes tanto el embarazo en mujeres jóvenes como el parto pretérmino. Con el objetivo de conocer la prevalencia de la enfermedad periodontal y su asociación con el parto prematuro, se realizó este estudio en mujeres puérperas menores de 35 años en una población abierta. Material y métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo y transversal, analizando casos y controles. La población de estudio fueron pacientes puérperas entre 17 y 35 años que ingresaron a un hospital público durante parte del año 2019. Se utilizó el índice de necesidad de tratamiento periodontal en la comunidad (CPITN, por sus siglas en inglés) para la medición de enfermedad periodontal (EP), se consideró embarazo prematuro (PP) cuando el parto ocurrió con menos de 37 semanas de embarazo. Como covariables se consideraron edad, tabaquismo y paridad. Se buscó la asociación mediante regresión logística para el cálculo de la razón de momios. Resultados: Se analizaron 323 mujeres, 200 (62%) tuvieron niveles 3 y 4 CPITN; 10.8% (35) tuvieron parto prematuro, la razón de momios cruda para la asociación entre código CPITN 3 y 4 y parto prematuro fue de 3.3 (p < 0.01). Después de ajustar por otros predictores la asociación se mantuvo en 3.8 (p < 0.01). Conclusiones: Es la primera vez en nuestro medio que se encuentra esta asociación entre enfermedad periodontal y parto prematuro. La prevalencia de parto prematuro en este grupo fue más alta que la media nacional. Es necesaria la revisión odontológica durante las visitas prenatales. Debe continuarse la línea de investigación con un estudio prospectivo (AU)

Introduction: Periodontal disease can cause systemic injuries. Prevalence of periodontal disease in people older than 35 years old is known, as well as the risk factors for pregnant women; however, it is not known if these factors also apply for pregnant women younger than 35 years of age. In Mexico, pregnancy among young women and preterm birth are very prevalent. The present study was done with the objective of finding out the prevalence of periodontal disease and its relationship with preterm birth in puerperal women younger than 35 years old in a population without social security. Material and methods: The study is observational, descriptive and transversal, analysis type cases and controls was done. The population for the study consists on puerperal patients between the ages of 17 to 35 years, all of them were admitted into a public hospital in a period of 2019. The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Need (CPITN) was used to measure periodontal disease in the patients. Preterm birth was defined as a birth occur before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Age, smoking and parity were used as covariables. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between periodontal disease and preterm birth through odds ratio values. Results: 323 women were analyzed, 200 (62%) had levels of 3 and 4 on the CPITN. 10.8% (35) had preterm birth, the raw odds ratio for the association between the codes 3 and 4 from the CPITN was of 3.3 (p < 0.01), after adjusting other predictors the association was 3.8 (remaining as a p < 0.01). Conclusions: It is the first time that such an association between periodontal disease and preterm birth has been found in the region. Prevalence of preterm birth in the group studied was higher than the national's average. An odontological revision during prenatal visits is needed. This line of research should be continued through a prospective study (AU)

Health Literacy Associations with Periodontal Disease among Slovak Adults.

Periodontal disease is inflammation of the gums and without good oral hygiene, it can progress to periodontitis. Oral hygiene might be related to a patient's health literacy (HL), defined as ability to gain access, understand, and use information to promote and maintain good health. The aim of our study is to examine the associations of HL with indicators of periodontal disease. A cross-sectional study on 1117 adults (36.2% males; mean age = 36.4, SD = 14.2) attending dental hygiene treatment was conducted. Data on demographics, socioeconomic status, and nine domains of HL (Health Literacy Questionnaire, HLQ) were collected by questionnaire, and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) was established by the dental hygienist. Data were analysed using t-tests and logistic regression. Respondents with periodontal disease (N = 152) had statistically significantly lower levels of HL in seven out of nine HLQ domains compared to intact patients (N = 818) (t from 3.03 to 4.75, p < 0.01). Association of higher HL in seven domains with lower chance of diagnosed periodontal disease remain significant even after adjustment for age, gender and educational attainment (adjusted ORs 0.55-0.67, p < 0.05). Our findings confirm that an individual's lower HL is significantly associated with higher chance of periodontal disease incidence, specifically among Slovak adults attending oral hygiene clinics. HL might be a promising factor in the improvement of oral health in this population, worthy of consideration in intervention and preventive activities.

Periodontal condition in patients of the specialist Outpatient Clinics at the Institute of Rural Health in Lublin, Poland.

INTRODUCTION: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammation which, if remains untreated, can lead to the loss of teeth and supporting structures. Evidence data support the relationship of periodontal disease with the development and course of diseases such as heart attack, stroke, hypertension, chronic renal diseases, rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to conduct an assessment of periodontal status and periodontal needs in people from the rural environment who were patients of selected specialist outpatient clinics at the Institute of Rural Health in Lublin, Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examined population included 450 patients. The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs, which is a measure of the assessment of the selected periodontal symptoms incidence, was used. The obtained data was discussed and analyzed with Chi-square test. RESULTS: The data obtained revealed that a healthy periodontium occurred only in 5.1% of respondents, tartar in 41.6%, pathological pockets of 3.5-5.5 mm in 23.6%, and pockets deeper than 5.5 mm in 5.8% of patients. Most people with healthy periodontium were in the youngest age group. In the analyzed group, 7.1% of patients required specialized comprehensive periodontal treatment, and only 6.5% of the examined persons did not show any need for periodontal treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Patients of specialist clinics of the Institute of Rural Health who formed the analyzed group, had affected periodontium which required comprehensive periodontal treatment. The alarmingly high percentage of people over 55 years of age with advanced periodontopathy may translate into an increased risk of cause-and-effect incidence of systemic diseases.